Background and Aim:  Effective brucellosis treatment necessitates antibiotics that can penetrate macrophages. This study systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the antibiotic SUSCEPTIBILITY profile of Brucella spp. isolated from humans, addressing this critical gap in understanding Brucella infections and their treatment. Materials and Methods:  Two authors conducted a systematic search across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with no time restrictions, encompassing English studies. Data extraction employed a standardized sheet, with two independent authors, and disagreements were resolved by a third. The data sheet included study characteristics and SUSCEPTIBILITY/resistance information for various antibiotics. Statistical analysis involved random effects models, Mantel-Haenszel methods, I2 tests, z-tests, and funnel plots using R and RStudio. Results:  Based on the pooled SUSCEPTIBILITY ratios, among the 630 samples of Brucella spp., 98% (95% CI: 85%-100%) were susceptible to trimethoprim. Among the 1255 samples of Brucella spp., 82% (95% CI: 54%-95%) were susceptible to rifampicin. Among the 1344 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 78%-100%) were susceptible to doxycycline. Among the 942 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 85%-100%) were susceptible to tetracycline. Among the 893 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 82%-100%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Among the 906 samples of Brucella spp., 97% (95% CI: 96%-98%) were susceptible to gentamicin. Conclusion:  Based on our results, trimethoprim, doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were effective, but rifampicin had lower SUSCEPTIBILITY. This informs antibiotic selection for Brucella infections, underscoring its importance in managing the disease

A novel method of monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals is using magnetometry as a cost-effective, simple, efficient, and fast method. In the present study, the potential of the magnetometric method to monitor the plant nutrient elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in the bioavailable fraction was evaluated. Also, their relationship with the greenhouse soil physicochemical characteristics of two towns of Isfahan Province (Dehaqan and Shahreza) were investigated. A total of 40 topsoil samples were collected (0-20 cm depth) from the study area in summer 2014 and the MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY (c) of the collected samples was measured at both low and high frequencies (clf and chf) using the Bartington MS2 dual frequency sensor. The results indicated that there were no significant correlations between the soil MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY and the bioavailable forms of Cu, Zn, and Mn in the whole of the study area. This could be probably due to lack of penetration of these elements into the lattice structure of the ferroMAGNETIC materials. The negative correlations between MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY and Fe showed that the increase of the bioavailable concentration of Fe is not necessity related to its high contents in the soil MAGNETIC structure, so, it would not affect MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY positively. In addition, there was positive significant correlation between the MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY and clay and silt content as well as a negative significant correlation with sand content. Also, the low values of soil MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY in the bioavailable fraction (30.30±7.89 10-8 m3 kg-1) reflects the dominant effect of the bedrock and the inherent characteristics of soil on metals concentrations in the region. Based on this study, it can be concluded that in order to monitor the heavy metals in the bioavailable fraction of soils, and also in areas that are not affected by certain sources of pollution, monitoring techniques based on MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY do not have high efficiency.

MAGNETIC properties are used throughout the world to measure the concentration of (ferri) MAGNETIC minerals in soil, sediment and dust. These minerals in soil come from a variety of sources, including air-borne particulate pollution, parent rock and paedogenesis. Changes in the content of MAGNETIC minerals, as well as their spatial and vertical distribution in soil profiles are caused by human activity. MAGNETIC minerals are distinguished by their affinity for other elements found in soil, such as heavy metal. As a result, MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY has been widely used as an approximation of heavy metal contamination in soil. The current study was conducted in a tropical deciduous forest in Central Uttar Pradesh, namely the kukrail reserve forest in Lucknow to assess heavy metal contamination levels caused by various anthropogenic activities and to confirm the utility of using MS surveying in these types of studies. The current study was conducted at two sites viz. agricultural area and forest area because these sites are the most contaminated ones. Significant correlation between heavy metal concentration and MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY with p<0.005 is noticed for Co, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Fe of agricultural area. Similarly in forest area significant correlation exists between Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn.  The χLF values show a significant correlation with the concentration of heavy metals except for Cu and Cr in forest area and Pb and Zn in agricultural area. In comparison to the methodologies of chemical analysis, the χLF measurement techniques provide us with lower cost and less time consuming method for identification of possible soil pollution.

Introduction 137Cs is an artificial radionuclide with a half-life of 30. 2 years and strong gamma radiation that, due to nuclear explosions in the 1950s, and 1960s entered the earth's surface by the rain. The radionuclide has been widely used for the evaluation rates and patterns of soil erosion and deposition. 137Cs was rapidly adsorbed to fine particles of soil surface horizon and its distribution is basically accompanied by the physical processes of soil, such as erosion and tillage. 137Cs is distributed exponentially as a function of depth to a maximum depth ranging from 5 to 15 cm in the undisturbed soil. The basis of calculating of erosion by 137Cs method is based on comparison between the amount of 137Cs in studied soil and the reference site (local, flat, un-eroded, undisturbed and stable site) and 137Cs loss or gain, relative to the reference inventory, indicates soil erosion and deposition, respectively. So, the reliable and accurate reference estimate of 137Cs is essential. No attempt has been made to explore the variability of 137Cs inventory in the reference sites in Iran. Therefore, This study was conducted to evaluate variability of 137Cs inventory and its relationship with some soil properties at the reference site located in Fereydan district in western of Isfahan province. Materials and Methods 96 soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths. Moreover, for evaluation of vertical distribution of 137Cs, two profiles were excavated and 8 soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-15, 15-25 and 25-35 cm depths. Gamma-ray spectrometry device was used for 137Cs analysis. MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY values were measured using Bartington susceptimeter at low (0. 46 kHz) and high (4. 6 kHz) frequencies and MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY dependent was calculated by low and high frequency values. Soil properties including total nitrogen, organic material, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate equivalent, EC, pH, texture, gravel and bulk density were determined. Descriptive statistics including mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation (SD), coefficients of variation (CV), skewness, and kurtosis were calculated by SPSS software, v. 16. The distribution of variables was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships between 137Cs and soil properties. Results and Discussion The coefficient of variation of 137Cs inventory were 15. 05 and 14. 05% in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth respectively. The result indicated that 137Cs has uniformly distributed in studied reference site. The results of the study showed that OM, OM/Clay, CEC/Clay, EC, Sand, BD, χ lf and χ hf were correlated with 137Cs. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that bulk density, clay content and MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY at low frequency explained 43% of total variability of 137Cs in the studied reference site. Conclusions In the present study, variability of 137cs was investigated in a reference site in Ferydan district in Isfahan Province. The study showed that 137Cs had low variability. Among the soil physical and chemical properties, Soil pH, silt, gravel, nitrogen and calcium carbonate equivalent did not show significant correlation with 137Cs. The highest positive significant correlation was obtained for BD and 137Cs. Also, MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY at low and high frequencies showed significant correlations with 137Cs. In the multiple regression analysis, BD, clay content, and MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY were included in the model for explaining the 137Cs variability. It is suggested that similar study be done in the other reference sites in the western Iran.

Background and Aims: Disc displacement is the most common temporomandibular joint disorder and MAGNETIC resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in its diagnosis. This disorder can lead to changes in signal intensity of MAGNETIC resonance (MR). The purpose of this study was evaluation of correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images of retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle with type of anterior disk displacement and condylar head flattening in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 31 MR images of patients who had anterior disc displacement were evaluated. After relative signal intensity measurement for retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle, the correlation between relative signal intensity and type of anterior disc displacement was evaluated with repeated measure ANOVA test. In each of these 3 areas, t-test was used to compare the groups with and without condylar head flattening.Results: The correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and type of anterior disc displacement in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle was not significant. There was also no statistically significant correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and flattening of condylar head in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to findings of this study, relative signal intensity of MR images in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of ptrygoid muscle is not a good predictor for type of anterior disc displacement and flattening of condylar head. It seems that this cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for TMD progression.

Bouin- Miandasht granitoid pluton with an area of 40 Km2, outcropped in the north of Bouin Miandasht- Aligoudarz road, was emplaced into Triassic to early Jurassic low to medium grade metapelitic rocks of Sanandaj - Sirjan structural zone. This pluton composed of alkali feldspar granite to leucogranite. For the first time, variation of anisotropy of MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY (AMS) is applied to investigate MAGNETIC fabric of this pluton. The Mean MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY values (Km in mSI) of the different rock groups of Bouin- Miandasht pluton are as follows: alkali feldspar granites (158), fine granites (120), coarse granites (166), and leucogranites (34). The lower Km values for the main compositions of this pluton (< 500 mSI) suggesting the paraMAGNETIC nature of these granites. Biotite is the main carrier of MAGNETIC properties in the studied rocks. The MAGNETIC anisotropy (P %) varies from 1 to 15. Aalkali feldspar granites have the highest P value and show positive correlation with degree of deformation. Shape parameter of MAGNETIC ellipsoid (T) values varies from -0.43 to 0.85 and most of the MAGNETIC ellipsoids are oblate. Seventy five percent of specimens have positive T value. This subject indicates that MAGNETIC ellipsoids are oblate and then foliation is prevailing, and also field evidence confirms this conclusion.

The studied locality covers an area of 120 km2, located at south and southwest of the Hamedan city. The porphyritic granite is the dominant volume of this intrusive body. This granitoid is divided into the granites (monzogranites, syenogranites and alkali feldspar granites) and granodiorites from petrographic point of view. The major part of the study area have magmatic-sub-magmatic fabric and few of the samples show high temperature solid state deformation with presence of chess-board quartz, bending and kink band of biotite and mineral size decreasing from microstructural point of view. The total numbers of 450 oriented core samples were collected from 107 stations, to study the anisotropy of MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY. The total average SUSCEPTIBILITY for all samples were 114-314 mSI and the mean SUSCEPTIBILITY (Km) of granodiorites was 457.5 mSI, and it ranges from 282-633 μSI, which is higher in compare to granites. This difference is due to the presence of magnetite grains in granodiorites, which has been proved by heavy mineral analysis. The magnetite comprises 0.01-0.025 % of total volume in these rocks. The Km normally varies from 14-514 mSI and indicates the paraMAGNETIC type of granites. The P values vary from 0.72-7.4 %. The T values in most of the samples is positive (T>0) and show planer nature of most of the intrusive body. The high degree of dipping of MAGNETIC foliation and lineation at the central part of the intrusive body, which decreases with increasing distance from center of the intrusive body, may indicate the location of feeding. This characterization can be seen at two other places addition to the center. On the basis of MAGNETIC parameter and other factors such as dominant transpression tectonic regime in this area, one can say that the ascending magma was due existing of stretching environment with NW-SE trend, and this can be proved by direction of MAGNETIC lineations at the same direction. The differences in the direction of NE-SW, which some of the studied sites show, may be due to rotation of MAGNETIC body during injection and emplacement in response to prevailing tectonic forces in studied area and viscosity of magma.